Programming language evolution continues, in both industry and research. Some of the current trends include:
Constructs to support concurrent and distributed programming. Mechanisms for adding security and reliability verification to the language: extended static checking, information flow control, static thread safety. Alternative mechanisms for modularity: mixins, delegates, aspects. Component-oriented software development. Metaprogramming, reflection or access to the abstract syntax tree Increased emphasis on distribution and mobility. Integration with databases, including XML and relational databases. Support for Unicode so that source code (program text) is not restricted to those characters contained in the ASCII character set; allowing, for example, use of non-Latin-based scripts or extended punctuation. XML for graphical interface (XUL, XAML). Open source as a developmental philosophy for [.....]
1943 - Plankalkül (Konrad Zuse), designed, but unimplemented for a half-century 1943 - ENIAC coding system, machine-specific codeset appearing in 1948.[2] 1949 - 1954 — a series of machine-specific mnemonic instruction sets, like ENIAC's, beginning in 1949 with C-10 for BINAC (which later evolved into UNIVAC).[3] Each codeset, or instruction set, was tailored to a specific manufacturer. 1951 - Regional Assembly Language 1952 - Autocode 1954 - FORTRAN 1954 - IPL (forerunner to LISP) 1955 - FLOW-MATIC (forerunner to COBOL) 1957 - COMTRAN (forerunner to COBOL) 1958 - LISP 1958 - ALGOL 58 1959 - FACT (forerunner to COBOL) 1959 - COBOL 1962 - APL 1962 - Simula 1962 - SNOBOL 1963 - CPL (forerunner to C) [.....]
